OMIA group 284
Diabetes mellitus, type 2
The chain reaches the human disease type 2 diabetes mellitus, which Mondo defines as: “A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity.”
The chain
From the animal disease to the drugs. The page shows what each step found and where the chain stopped. It does not say whether the animal is a model of a human disease.
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Animal disease
Reached
OMIA records it in 6 species entries marked as a defect.
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Human disease
Reached
1 Mondo disease.
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Human gene
Reached
2 human genes.
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Target evidence
Reached
2 Open Targets associations, with a best score of 0.70.
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Drugs
Reached
2 ChEMBL drugs, 1 approved. At least one has been tested for this disease.
Natural-model score
How complete and how well supported the chain to each human disease is, out of 100, by stated rules. It does not say that the animal is a validated model of the human disease. How the score works.
89.4 out of 100
| Part | Computed from | Points |
|---|---|---|
| Target evidence | Open Targets score of 0.70 | 24.4 of 35 |
| Drugs | A drug has reached approved for this disease | 25.0 of 25 |
| Ortholog | One to one ortholog | 20.0 of 20 |
| Both routes | Both routes found this disease | 10.0 of 10 |
| Species | 5 naturally occurring species entries marked as a defect. 1 genetically engineered entry is not counted | 10.0 of 10 |
Species
The chain follows only the species entries that OMIA marks as a defect.
| Species | Scientific name | OMIA entry | A defect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese hamster | Cricetulus griseus | OMIA:000284-10029 | Yes |
| crab-eating macaque | Macaca fascicularis | OMIA:000284-9541 | Yes |
| domestic cat | Felis catus | OMIA:000284-9685 | Yes |
| golden hamster Genetically engineered, not naturally occurring. Not counted in the score. | Mesocricetus auratus | OMIA:000284-10036 | Yes |
| northern tree shrew | Tupaia belangeri | OMIA:000284-37347 | Yes |
| pig Naturally occurring, and also genetically engineered. | Sus scrofa | OMIA:000284-9823 | Yes |
| Rhesus monkey | Macaca mulatta | OMIA:000284-9544 | Unknown, not counted |
Genes
Each gene OMIA records for a species entry, and the human gene it reaches through Ensembl's orthologs.
| Species | Animal gene | Human gene | Ortholog |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese hamster | No gene | OMIA records no gene for this species entry. | |
| crab-eating macaque | No gene | OMIA records no gene for this species entry. | |
| domestic cat | No gene | OMIA records no gene for this species entry. | |
| golden hamster | Irs2 insulin receptor substrate 2 NCBI Gene 101839047 | IRS2 Ensembl | one to one |
| northern tree shrew | No gene | OMIA records no gene for this species entry. | |
| pig | GIPR gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor NCBI Gene 100626628 | GIPR Ensembl | one to one |
| pig | IAPP islet amyloid polypeptide NCBI Gene 3375 | OMIA links this animal entry to a human gene, not to the animal's own gene. | |
| Rhesus monkey Not a defect, not counted | No gene | OMIA records no gene for this species entry. | |
Human diseases
Two routes lead from an OMIA group to a Mondo human disease: OMIA's own Mondo link, and the group's OMIM numbers through Mondo's cross-references.
- OMIA's own Mondo link: found a disease.
- OMIA's OMIM numbers: found a disease.
| Mondo disease | Name | Found by |
|---|---|---|
| MONDO:0005148 | type 2 diabetes mellitus A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity. | Both routes |
Target evidence
Each Open Targets association between one of the group's human genes and one of its human diseases, with its overall score and the score for each kind of evidence.
| Human gene | Human disease | Score | Evidence | Kinds of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GIPR | type 2 diabetes mellitus | 0.70 | 406 | Known drug 0.98 Genetic association 0.61 Literature 0.57 Animal model 0.41 |
| IRS2 | type 2 diabetes mellitus | 0.61 | 313 | Literature 0.84 Genetic association 0.73 Animal model 0.47 |
Drugs
A drug acts on GIPR and has been tested for this disease.
| Drug | Acts on | How | Latest stage | Tested for this disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tirzepatide | GIPR | agonist | Approved | Approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Retatrutide | GIPR | agonist | Phase 3 | Phase 3 for type 2 diabetes mellitus |
The drug data is ChEMBL's, under CC BY-SA 3.0, and came through Open Targets release 26.09.